PD Smith

Keeper of the Snails

17 July 2009 | Doomsday Men

Clare Dud­man, author of Wegen­er’s Jig­saw and 98 Rea­sons for Being, has writ­ten a won­der­ful piece on my book Dooms­day Men for her blog, Keep­er of the Snails. Here’s an extract:

“I sup­pose the sto­ry of the Dooms­day Men has been a con­stant back­ground to my life. Most of the time I have suc­cess­ful­ly pushed it to the back of my mind because it seemed too fright­en­ing and too impos­si­ble to be true. But read­ing the Dooms­day Men has forced me to con­front it and under­stand. Recent­ly the threat of weapons of mass destruc­tion has been over­shad­owed by nat­ur­al plagues, glob­al warm­ing and eco­nom­ic cri­sis, but it is still there. It can still hap­pen.”

You can read the rest here and also watch Peter Watkin­s’s The War Game (1965) .

Ground Control

10 July 2009 | cities, Reviewing | 6 comments

You may not have noticed, but our cities are chang­ing. As Anna Minton shows in her excel­lent new study, Ground Con­trol: Fear and Hap­pi­ness in the 21st-cen­tu­ry City, the devel­op­ment of Canary Wharf in the 1990s blazed a trail that is now being fol­lowed in cities across the UK, cre­at­ing pri­va­tized, per­son­al­i­ty-free zones stripped of any his­tor­i­cal or cul­tur­al unique­ness. These hi-tech “defen­si­ble spaces” are pro­mot­ed as being “clean and safe”. But they are also ster­ile and soul­less. Pat, a hair­dress­er who has lived on the Isle of Dogs for 37 years, says of Canary Wharf today: “I don’t like going there. It always gives me the fear.”

Ground ControlSec­tions of our city cen­tres are being sold off to pri­vate devel­op­ers to cre­ate shop­ping mono­cul­tures such as West­field Lon­don or “malls with­out walls” like Strat­ford City, which is being built for the 2012 Olympics and is one of the largest retail-led devel­op­ments in Europe. It is, says Minton, “a pri­vate city with­in a city” and rep­re­sents a return to the ear­ly 19th cen­tu­ry when aris­to­crats owned great swathes of Lon­don, for­ti­fy­ing their estates of up-mar­ket hous­ing with gates and pri­vate secu­ri­ty forces.

Now, “land and prop­er­ty which has been in pub­lic hands for 150 years or more is mov­ing back into pri­vate hands”. Minton argues that today’s pri­va­tised city cen­tres and gat­ed com­mu­ni­ties are fos­ter­ing “a new cul­ture of author­i­tar­i­an­ism and con­trol”. Pri­vate secu­ri­ty guards watch and record our every move with CCTV: the UK now has more sur­veil­lance cam­eras than the rest of Europe com­bined. The small city of Coven­try will soon have 700. At Strat­ford City they intend to use unmanned aer­i­al drones to watch the streets. In these pri­va­tized zones, secu­ri­ty guards rou­tine­ly move on beg­gars and the home­less, and they can even ban groups of young peo­ple and pre­vent the tak­ing of pho­tographs.

Our mod­ern hous­es and streets may be “secured by design” (to quote the jar­gon), but Minton’s com­pelling argu­ment is that “we are mak­ing the city a far more fear­ful place”. The obses­sion with secu­ri­ty and the pri­vati­sa­tion of pub­lic space is also “a chal­lenge to a type of pub­lic life, pub­lic cul­ture and democ­ra­cy in British cities” that has exist­ed since at least the nine­teenth cen­tu­ry. Instead of local coun­cils “own­ing” the city for us, now our streets and build­ings (for exam­ple, Manchester’s Free Trade Hall) are being bought by investors. Accord­ing to Minton, “today the ‘public good’ is what makes the most mon­ey”. It is gov­ern­ment pol­i­cy to sell off local author­i­ty assets worth £30 bil­lion by 2010. The man­ag­er of one “Busi­ness Improve­ment Dis­trict” con­trol­ling a city cen­tre tells her: “Bug­ger democ­ra­cy. Cus­tomer focus is not demo­c­ra­t­ic.”

Clear­ly, it is impor­tant that cities should have vibrant economies. But in Britain the pur­suit of prof­it threat­ens to under­mine the qual­i­ty of urban life. Minton’s book is a pow­er­ful indict­ment of urban plan­ning in the UK under both Con­ser­v­a­tive and New Labour gov­ern­ments. It is essen­tial read­ing for any­one con­cerned about how our cities will feel and func­tion in the future.

Leviathan or, The Whale

08 July 2009 | Reviewing, TLS

The Times Lit­er­ary Sup­ple­ment has just pub­lished my review of Philip Hoare’s Leviathan or, The Whale, the deserv­ing win­ner of this year’s Samuel John­son prize.

“Per­haps it is because I was near­ly born under­wa­ter.” The first sen­tence of Philip Hoare’s mem­o­rable study of whales points teas­ing­ly to an ear­ly affin­i­ty between author and sub­ject. His moth­er began to feel labour pains while on a tour of a sub­ma­rine in Portsmouth har­bour. As a boy he lay awake at night lis­ten­ing to the “clank­ing dredgers” goug­ing a chan­nel through Southamp­ton Water for the lin­ers and con­tain­er ships.

But although the sea was a for­ma­tive influ­ence it was also a source of anx­i­ety: “I have always been afraid of deep water.” School trips to Southampton’s munic­i­pal swim­ming pool did noth­ing to cure his fear. He only learnt to swim as an adult. But now he admits to feel­ing claus­tro­pho­bic if he is far from the sea and, like Ish­mael in Her­man Melville’s epic nov­el Moby-Dick (1851), Hoare is “haunt­ed” by the whale.

Read my review here and lis­ten to Claire Armit­stead­’s inter­view with the author at the Guardian.

Einstein and Israel

07 July 2009 | Einstein, Szilard | One comment

Fred Jerome has just pub­lished what sounds like an inter­est­ing new book exam­in­ing Ein­stein’s atti­tudes towards Israel and Zion­ism. Eric Her­schthal, a writer for the Jew­ish Week in New York, asked me about my view of this com­plex sub­ject.

I think it’s impor­tant to remem­ber that Ein­stein didn’t believe in nation­al­ism. Like his great friend Leo Szi­lard, he was an inter­na­tion­al­ist. He once said: “I should much rather see a rea­son­able agree­ment with the Arabs based on liv­ing togeth­er in peace than the cre­ation of a Jew­ish state.” (Our Debt to Zion­ism, 1938)

Nev­er­the­less, Ein­stein hoped that Zion­ism would revive a Jew­ish sense of “com­mu­ni­ty” and enable them to “regain a dig­ni­fied exis­tence”. Ein­stein com­mit­ted him­self to the cause of found­ing a Hebrew Uni­ver­si­ty in Jerusalem, and in 1921 he agreed to accom­pa­ny Chaim Weiz­mann, a bio­chemist and pres­i­dent of the World Zion­ist Orga­ni­za­tion, on an Amer­i­can fund-rais­ing tour. It was, he said, “his sacred duty” to help. But even then Kurt Blu­men­feld, an offi­cial of the Zion­ist move­ment, knew that Einstein’s sup­port for them was lim­it­ed: “Ein­stein, as you know, is no Zion­ist,” he told Weiz­mann.

You can read Her­schthal’s arti­cle here.

Delirious New Orleans

24 June 2009 | cities, Reviewing, TLS

The Times Lit­er­ary Sup­ple­ment has just pub­lished my review of Stephen Verder­ber’s superb study Deliri­ous New Orleans: Man­i­festo for an extra­or­di­nary Amer­i­can city (Uni­ver­si­ty of Texas Press). It’s not on their site yet but you can read my ver­sion here.